21世纪日本私立高等教育结构的调整优化及对我国的启示
| 作 者：张 玲 蒋家琼 丁文瑾 |
| 单 位：湖南大学马克思主义学院；湖南大学教育科学研究院 |
| 基金项目：湖南省学位与研究生教育改革研究项目“全日制硕士研究生导学关系现状及优化策略” |
| 摘 要： |
| 受人口少子化、老龄化程度不断加深的影响，21世纪的日本社会急剧转型，日本高等教育迎 来“质变”时代，私立高等教育结构实现了“量减质提”的转变，呈现出以下特点：学历层次结构重心不 断上移；非全日制学生规模逐渐扩大；应用性学科占比明显增加；私立高等教育发展的区域高地形成。 借鉴日本私立高等教育结构调整优化的经验，结合我国的实际情况，我国民办高等教育在发展过程 中，要着力优化办学层次结构，高质量地发展民办本科及研究生教育；完善就读形式结构，着力扩大民 办高校非全日制招生规模；调整学科类型结构，依据社会需求发展应用性学科；引导优化区域办学结 构，扶持中西部地区民办高等教育发展。 |
| 关键词：高等教育结构；调整优化；私立高等教育；日本 |
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| Abstract: |
| Affected by the declining birthrate and the deepening aging of the population, the Japanese society in the 21st century has undergone a rapid transformation, and Japanese higher education has ushered in an era of "qualitative change". The structure private higher education has changed from quantity to quality. The features include: the focus of the educational level structure is constantly moving upward; the scale of part-time students is gradually expanding; the proportion of applied disciplines has increased significantly; the regional highland for the development of private higher education has been formed. Drawing on the experience of adjusting and optimizing the structure of private higher education in Japan and combining with the actual situation and the development process of private higher education in China, we should focus on optimizing the hierarchical structure of running schools, and develop private undergraduate and postgraduate education with quality. In addition, we should improve the scale of part-time enrollment in private colleges and universities, adjust the structure of discipline types and develop applied disciplines according to social needs, and guide the regional school-running structure and support the development of private higher education in the central and western regions. |
| Keywords: higher education structure; adjustment and optimization; private higher education; private higher education; Japan |
| 投稿时间：2022-06-24 |
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