书院的复兴与现代转化
——以同济复兴古典书院为例
| 作 者：杜华伟 |
| 单 位：兰州交通大学 |
| 基金项目： |
| 摘 要： |
| 书院作为中国古代一种特殊的教育组织，在知识传授、
文化传播、人格培养和社会教化方面曾发挥过极其重要的作
用。以同济复兴古典书院为例，通过分析该书院的发展历史、
教育理念、课程设置及宣传推广、社会影响，探究现代书院如
何复兴古典文明中与现代人密切相关的文化资源、生活方式
等；探究书院如何有效实现现代转化，使它能够适应现代人
的文化与生活需要，继续为整个社会的文明传承、文化传播和
人格培育、民众教化发挥无可替代的作用。 |
| 关键词：书院；复兴；现代转化；同济复兴古典书院；国学教育 |
The Revival and the Modern Transformation of the
Academy
| Author's Name: Du Hua-wei |
| Institution: |
| Abstract: |
| Academy is a special educational institute in ancient China. It originated from the private study
and government offices which were used to collect and store ancient books and documents in the
Tang Dynasty. And in the Song Dynasty appeared the basic regulations of libraries, book blockprinting,
lecturing, sage worshiping and learning centers, such as the four historical academies.
Under the government's encouragement and support the academies of Yuan Dynasty had greater
development and perfection, making such great accomplishment that on average every 2600 people
could share a school, but at the same time lost their independence and power as a result of the
academy attempting to play their role in the imperial examination.
The Ming Dynasty was the turning point of the development of Chinese academies which were
once closely integrated with the imperial examination system and left deserted, but with Wang
Yangming and Zhan Ruoshui's active advocacy and participation, the academies were thriving
again, forming the system of free and open speech and making different academic thoughts
gradually mature in the exchanges and collisions. In the Qing Dynasty, the academy’s development
reached its peak, up to 5000. Due to the intrusion of the western culture, the Royal Academy, the
new academy organizations such as the church college and overseas Chinese college also appeared.
But one imperial edict "Change the Academy to School" in the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu’s
reign (1901), made one thousand year old academies developing at high speed to an abrupt end,
which was really a shame!
Ancient academies played a very important role in knowledge imparting, cultural transmission,
personality cultivation and social education. So, in modern society, with the quickening pace of
life, the easy accessibility of information, the popular fragment reading, is the academy still needed
and possible? Can it meet the needs of modern people's spiritual and life needs? Tongji Fuxing
Classical Academy founded by professor Ke Xiaogang, as the most influential academy of the
international metropolis Shanghai, provides an important experience and reference value for us.
Tongji Fuxing Classical Academy is a model of classical education system, the first on the
network to carry out the voice reading group, and then through continuous efforts, has become
an entity. This academy is dedicated to the general education of humanities of the public, trying
to make education return to the simple nature, to make the traditional sinology return to the daily
life of the masses. Fuxing Academy offers extensive programs, covering all the classics, history,
painting, calligraphy, traditional Chinese medicine, Peking Opera, Kun Opera and Chinese zither,
and also "western classics", "origins of western studies" and other courses; its teaching methods
are flexible with long lectures, specialized courses and reading groups, and there are all kinds of
interest groups and other ways. According to the characteristics of the classic texts, the academy
repeatedly offers classical and practical training courses and so on, but with different texts or
content each semester. The academy has strict enrollment, attendance and appraisal system. Students
obtain admission opportunity through competitive selection, to ensure the purity and continuity of
classical education, which signifies respect to the ancient knowledge and tradition.
Tongji Fuxing Classical Academy has proved that with the development of modern society,
people's life style and work style have changed a lot, but learning has always been the eternal
human need and the most vital spirit pursuit of each individual life. Through the revival of
classical civilization and transformation of ancient academy culture, the modern academy will remain
to play an irreplaceable role in promoting the outstanding traditional cultural heritage, the healthy
development of the traditional sinology education, and free happy modern life.
Tongji Fuxing Classical Academy brings enlightenment for the development of modern academy
from four aspects. First, the significance of traditional culture; Second, the effective integration of
various resources; Third, the setup of contemporary courses to meet the requirements of modern
people; Fourth, the full use of modern science and technology and communication methods. |
| Keywords: academy; revival; modern transformation; Tongji Fuxing Classical Academy;
Sinology education |
| 投稿时间：2017-02-13 |
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