高学历人群代际流动性的阶段解析
——基于CGSS及CLDS数据
| 作 者：丁 岚 祁杨杨 |
| 单 位：暨南大学 |
| 基金项目：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“‘985工
程’资源配置机制及绩效研究”（13YJC790019） |
| 摘 要： |
| 近年来，我国高学历人群的社会代际流动性较1990年
代呈现出显著的下降趋势。利用中国综合社会调查（CGSS）
及中国劳动力动态调查（CLDS）数据，通过构建代际流动
表，对社会代际流动性变化的趋势进行剖析，同时，建立基于
明瑟收入方程的高学历人群代际流动性回归模型，对代际流
动性的影响因素和路径进行定量阐释。研究表明，教育依然
是提高代际流动的主要途径，而家庭资源的劣势则是阻碍高
学历人群社会代际流动性提高的主要因素，但这种阻碍作用
往往被高估。 |
| 关键词：代际流动；家庭资源；社会地位；人力资本；职业；
收入 |
An Stage-analysis of Intergenerational Mobility of Highly
Educated People
| Author's Name: DING Lan QI Yang-yang |
| Institution: |
| Abstract: |
| Social intergenerational mobility is a phenomenon that the social and economic status of children is
different from that of their parents. In particular, for those who have received higher education, the factors affecting
intergenerational mobility show more significant, and the parents has more direct influence on the social and economic
status of their offspring. Family resources represent the social and economic status of the parents, and affect the
offspring's chance to accept high-quality education and work choice. In recent years, the intergenerational mobility of
highly educated population in China has shown a significant downward trend compared with the 1990s. The remark
that "an elite will never come from a poor house" arouses profound thinking of the whole society. The motivation
of this study is to find the reasons behind the weakening of intergenerational mobility and the solidifying of social
classes.
In this empirical research, the data is collected from Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) from 2010 to 2013
and China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) in 2014. Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), which started in
2003, is one of the most important data sources for Chinese social science research, including data on multiple levels
of society, community, family and individual. China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) is a tracking survey
conducted every two years, including 29 provinces or cities in China, except Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, Tibet,
Hainan province. CLDS systematically monitors the interactions among village/communities, families and labors, and
also establishes a three level tracking database of communities, families and labors.
We apply social intergenerational mobility table to analyze the intergenerational mobility for the groups
with different higher education levels in different decades. And then we respectively explore the factors of social
intergenerational mobility in two aspects of subjective and objective perspective, in order to accurately evaluate
social intergenerational mobility. In addition to the influence of the offspring income on the social and economic
status of their parents, there are also some unobservable factors that affect (such as family social relationships,
genetic inheritance, etc). These issues may cause endogeneity in the model. In this study, the two-stage least squares
estimation with instrumental variables was adopted, in order to alleviate the endogeneity by using the education level
as the instrumental variable.
Finally, based on the estimation results, the following conclusions are obtained. Firstly, education is still
the most important way to affect offspring's occupation and social-economic status, and its influence exceeds the
intergenerational influence of their parents' occupational status and the influence of their work experience. Secondly,
family resources not only have a significant impact on offspring's education opportunities, but also have a significant
impact on offspring's income under the same education level. Thirdly, there is a certain deviation in the individual's
subjective understanding of social intergenerational mobility, which is far greater in the subjective perspective
than that in the objective perspective. This indicates that individuals in today's society are more inclined to believe
that the social resources of the parents have a great influence on the social status of offspring. Fourthly, China's
intergenerational mobility peaked in the 1990s, and then went weakening, followed by a solidifying trend of social
class. Therefore, improving the fairness of education resources allocation and education opportunity is the key to
solving the issues of weakening intergenerational mobility in China. |
| Keywords: intergenerational mobility; family resources; social status; human capital; occupation; income |
| 投稿时间：2018-01-30 |
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