“知君者无若我，知我者无若君”
——时务学堂时期的黄遵宪与梁启超
| 作 者：阳正伟 |
| 单 位：昆明学院 |
| 基金项目： |
| 摘 要： |
| 黄遵宪推荐梁启超为时务学堂中文总教习，缘于梁氏的
才华、共办《时务报》结成的情谊以及取得的显耀业绩。两人
都参与了时务学堂的筹划和实施，以“开民智”为目的，用西方
人权、平等思想教育感化学生，激发学生应对民族危机，谋求
国家富强的责任感和使命感，培养其近代公民意识。戊戌政变
后，两人虽天各一方，但仍书信交流救国方略。两人互以对方
为知己，根源于抱持共同的救国救民情怀与思想主张。 |
| 关键词：时务学堂；黄遵宪；梁启超；湖南士绅 |
" The Man Who Knows Most of You Is Me, the Man Who Knows
Me Most Is You "——Huang Zunxian and Liang Qichao at the
Time They Spent in the Current Affairs School
| Author's Name: YANG Zheng-wei |
| Institution: |
| Abstract: |
| The reform movement of 1898 was an important attempt to seek the truth of saving the nation and
saving the people from the West in modern history of China. According to Kang Youwei, the leader of the reform,
the reform actually started from Hunan Province. Under the advocacy of governor Chen Baozhen, some enlightened
officials and gentry competed in carrying out various new policies, especially the founding of the School of Current
Affairs.
The establishment of Current Affairs School was initiated by the gentry in Hunan in the autumn and winter of
1896. But it has not been put into practice. In June 1897, Huang Zunxian, a long time diplomat, were appointed to
the post of the Circuit Intendant of Hunan Changbao (Changsha Prefecture & Baoqing Prefecture) Salt Monopoly
Administrative Circiut (长宝盐法道) by virtue of Weng Tonghe’s recommendation. Huang Zunxian was satisfied and
wanted to make a great career out of it.
Huang Zunxian proposed to Tan Sitong that Tan invite Liang Qichao, the chief editor of “The Chinese Progress
(《时务报》)” to be the director of Chinese courses of the School of Current Affairs (Shiwu Xuetang, 时务学堂).
Back in November 1895, Huang Zunxian sponsored a periodical “The Chinese Progress (Shiwu Bao《时务报》)” in
Shanghai to propagate the Reformist ideologies and western knowledge and ideas. In March 1896, he invited Liang
Qichao to serve as the editor-in-chief of “The Chinese Progress (Shiwu Bao《时务报》)”, and soon after he made
brilliant achievements. This friendship with Liang and the achievements made by Liang in publishing the periodical
was an important reason why Huang Zunxian recommended Liang to take the post of director of Chinese courses in
the School of Current Affairs (Shiwu Xuetang, 时务学堂). When Huang Zunxian arrived in Hunan, he recommended
Liang Qichao to governor Chen Baozhen. In early November 1897, Liang Qichao, then 25 years old, came to the
Academy. It was five months before Liang left Hunan for Shanghai to recuperate in the early March of the next year.
Huang Zunxian was appointed president of the School of Current Affairs (Shiwu Xuetang, 时务学堂) by
governor Chen Baozhen, which would avail him of his experiences in Japan, Britain and the United States for the
preparation work for the Academy.
Liang Qichao also submitted a report to Chen Baozhen, detailing his plan for the establishment of the School of
Current Affairs School. With "augmenting people’s wisdom" and "asserting the civil rights" as the core objectives, he
urged that the school should expand the enrollment scale (120 people at the beginning of the time), and teach students
in accordance with their aptitude, which would benefit the students and the society as well. He also looked beyond the
School at the complicated situation of foreign powers threatening the interests of Hunan at that time. For the purpose
of self-protection, Liang recommended establishing schools at various places throughout the province, not limiting in
the province capital, for the enlightenment of the folk society.
With the concerted efforts of Huang Zunxian, Liang Qichao and others, more than 200 excellent students were
admitted into and trained by the School of Current Affairs, and thus the society become more civilized in Hunan.
After the 1898 coup, Huang Zunxian survived the crisis thanks to the protection of British and Japanese envoys at
China, but he was deposed and ordered to go back to his hometown.
Liang Qichao was forced in exile to foreign countries for a long time, and Huang Zunxian missed him, and
lamented the discontinuation of correspondence. From 1902 onwards, the two men finally resumed correspondence
until he died in 1905. However, there are differences between them with respect to whether to use revolutionary means
to overthrow the rule of the Qing Dynasty, whether to "protect missionaries" or to "protect the Chinese culture ". In
March 1905, Huang wrote the last letter to Liang Qichao and died a few days later.
After Huang's death, Liang Qichao wrote the epitaph for him, praised Huang Zunxian's reform achievements,
recounted the main experiences and feats of Huang's life, especially in foreign countries, studied foreign affairs,
literary works and family conditions, recollected the acquaintance with Huang Zunxian, and expressed his mourning
for his good friend. |
| Keywords: School of Current Affairs; Huang Zunxian; Liang Qichao; Hunan |
| 投稿时间：2017-11-28 |
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