试论大学学术权力的异化及其化解
| 作 者：李洪修 张鑫 |
| 单 位：吉林大学 |
| 基金项目：吉林大学廉政研究项目“大学学术权力的异化
及其治理研究” |
| 摘 要： |
| 大学学术权力的异化实质上是指在大学学术管理中，原
本保障学术活动和学术事务顺利运行的强制性力量异变成为
限制、甚至阻碍学术发展的现象。学术权力的异化将会削弱学
术权力在公众心理的信用度，降低办学治学的运行效率进而影
响学者的学术发展。大学学术权力异化的原因是多方面的，主
要包括政府力量的干预、高校行政权力钳制、学者的价值观扭
曲等。防范大学学术权力异化就要厘清政府与大学的关系，明
晰学术权力与行政权力的界限，回归大学学术权力本源，建立
大学学术权力监督机制。 |
| 关键词：学术权力；异化；原因；对策；学术管理 |
Discussion on the alienation of academic power in
universities and Its solution
| Author's Name: LI Hong-xiu ZHANG Xin |
| Institution: |
| Abstract: |
| With the advent of the popularization of higher education, the phenomenon of alienation of academic
power in universities is not uncommon. University academic power of alienation in essence is that, in the university
academic management, the academic staff should possess academic morality, academic spirit and norms of putting the
cart before the horse of changes have taken place in the academic system. And the compulsory force which originally
guaranteed the smooth operation of academic activities and academic affairs has become the motive force to restrict or
even hinder the academic development, so that it can promote the academic prosperity and development. In addition,
the function of promoting academic freedom has changed in nature and deviated from the original intention and
running track of academic power. Academic power alienation will weaken the creditworthiness of academic power
in the public psychology, and deviate from the track of academic logic of university. It will damage the academic
reputation of the university, reduce the running efficiency of the university and affect the academic development of the
scholar, and even hinder the promotion of the academic level and the future development of the university. The good
operation of university academic power is conducive to maintaining the internal power ecology and promoting the
smooth development of academic affairs.
The reasons for the alienation of academic power are various. One is that the intervention of government power.
There is an inevitable connection between university and the government. The government still supervises and
controls the school's activities through various forms of supervision and control. At the same time, the government
will also imperceptibly infiltrate the administrative color into the university management, and will have an "uneasy"
attitude towards the independent running of a university. This will inevitably oppress the freedom of academic vitality.
The second one is that the restraint of the administrative power of universities. At present, there is also the existence
of administrative power in the management of university scholarship besides the core academic power. The manager
has not clarified the boundary of the two powers. As a result, both kinds of power would be overlaid into each other's
authority, resulting in the "administrative" situation of academic power. That is to say, colleges and universities will
have the characteristics of being "suppressed" by administrative power in the distribution of academic subjects and
the management of academic activities. Academic resources will be unfairly allocated due to administrative power,
which leads to the weakening of academic power. The third one is that the distortion of scholars' values. Once the
network of relationships formed on the basis of human relations or interest relations infiltrates into the structure of
academic organizations, it is easy to bring down the spiritual pillars of academic nature. It is easy to make academic
spirit pillar crushed, alienation of academic power which will happen in the process of running. The fourth one is that
the supervision system of academic power is not perfect. If the supervision system of coordinating the relationship
between the two powers in the university is not perfect, it is difficult to fundamentally solve the conflict between
administrative power and academic power in university. Therefore, the prevention of the alienation of academic power
in universities requires a variety of approaches. One is to clarify the relationship between the government and the
university. At present, the relationship between the government and the university has changed, and the government is
no longer the sole organizer of the university. The university should have certain autonomy and give full play to their
academic autonomy. The government should adopt a macro-management model to change the situation of total control
and even hegemonic interference in academic activities in the past. Guide and supervise the university by planning
the overall situation and the pattern of future development. In the management of colleges and universities, the two
parties should act according to the constitution, not exceed their respective competence, and guarantee the autonomy
of school management. The second is to clarify the boundary between academic power and administrative power.
Regulating the relationship between the two rights and the determination of the boundary between the two rights
becomes the key point to solve the alienation of academic power. In order to adjust the space of academic power, the
authority of academic affairs should be shifted down. At the same time, it should be noted that the implementation
function of administrative power is not the hegemonic control but the function of service promotion, so that academic
researchers become the real main carrier of the academic. The third one is to return to the source of academic power
in universities. The key to the long-term development of academia is to constantly cultivate the academic spirit and
ensure that scholars conduct scientific research independently. Universities should pay close attention to changing
the phenomenon of eager academic achievements and instant gains. Desalinate the idea that scholars pursue personal
interests, and resist the phenomenon of the loss of academic power. The fourth one is to establish a supervisory
mechanism of academic power in universities. The supervision mechanism should start from two aspects of inside and
outside, internal supervision to ensure that the academic affairs running program publicity, at the same time, it should
open up various ways to facilitate the reconsideration or appeal by different scholars, and safeguard the academic
rights and interests of the disadvantaged groups in academic circles. External supervision should regulate the internal
management rules and regulations from the state power and social forces to ensure the quality of academic power
within the university. |
| Keywords: academic power; alienation; reason; strategy; university autonomy |
| 投稿时间：2017-11-26 |
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