高质量高等教育公平：理念诠释、现状分析与
政策进路
| 作 者：张继平 董泽芳 |
| 单 位：三峡大学 |
| 基金项目：国家社科基金课题“以推进公平与质量为重点的
教育分流模式改革研究”（ BGA140031）。 |
| 摘 要： |
| 高质量高等教育公平的核心理念是创建不同层次类
型的一流，让每个学生都接受适合自己的“最好的教育”。进
入高等教育后大众化阶段以来，一流高校招生规模按年均
4582人的速度增长，高质量高等教育录取率保持在5%左右
的水平，海外留学人员按平均每年3.41万人的速度递增，“协
作招生计划”助力高质量高等教育实现全覆盖，但仍然存在
“优质”“特质”高等教育供给不足、增长缓慢、分布不均等
问题，需要通过容量扩充、存量开发、增量拓展和均量调整加
以解决。 |
| 关键词：高质量高等教育；高等教育公平；理念；现状；政策 |
High Quality Higher Educational Equity: Ideal, Status and
Policy Approach
| Author's Name: Zhang Ji-ping DONG Ze-fang |
| Institution: |
| Abstract: |
| As a new educational ideal and a developmental view of equity, high quality higher
education equity is a high level of educational equity which adapts to the development of universal
higher education. Letting different types of higher institutions create different levels of first-class
universities, letting each student accept their own education, giving “the best education” to people
as much as possible, which is the concentrated embodiment of high quality higher education equity.
Since the post mass education of higher education, Chinese higher education has made
important progress in ensuring quality and promoting equity, such as the enrollment of Chinese
first-class universities grows at an annual rate of 4582 people, high quality higher education
admission rate remains at around 5%, overseas students increase to the average annual rate of 34.1
thousand people, “collaborative enrollment plan” helps high quality higher education achieve full
coverage, so that high-quality higher education resources benefit more economically backward areas
as well as educational backward areas, which shows the sharing level of higher education reform
result continues to enhance.
However, there are still many deficiencies in the high quality higher education equity, which
shows in four aspects: First, the high quality higher education supply is insufficient, the firstclass
academic higher education institution is handful, the first-class professional, industrial and
regional universities are very few, the first-class application and technological colleges are very
rare. Second, the admission rate of colleges and universities directly under the original ministries is
still at a low level, and the average annual growth rate is only 0.7%, the figure of students from
each 100 thousand candidates can enter colleges and universities directly under the original ministries
is only 5146. Third, overseas study opportunities favor the upper social class, low-income students
are difficult to support the high cost of overseas study training fees and study abroad costs, most
of which have to give up the dream of studying abroad. Fourth, enrollment quota of colleges
and universities directly under the original ministries is imbalance, the probability of entering key
universities of candidate from large population provinces and large entrance examination provinces
declines, the competition of admission increases, which departures from the fair principle of entrance
examination and choice.
To achieve high quality higher education equity, we need to carry out policy innovation,
the routes include: (1) Capacity expansion: accelerating the structural reform of supply. On
the one hand, we should accelerate the process of “double class” construction so as to create
different levels of high-quality universities. On the other hand, we should accelerate the pace of
transformation of local colleges and universities so as to create characteristic higher education system.
(2) Stock development: improving the enrollment rate of high quality higher education. In the year
of candidates decline, colleges and universities directly under the original ministries maintain the
original enrollment scale; in the year of candidates increase, which should synchronously expanse
enrollment so that the admission rate is in a dynamic upward trend. (3)Incremental expansion:
creating more opportunities to study abroad. Not only can we strengthen exchanges and cooperation
with the world first-class university to create more cooperation between Chinese and foreign firstclass
university, but also we can accelerate the development of higher education of “One Belt
and One Road” to create more opportunities for students to learn and communicate. (4) Average
adjustment: allocating admission quota by the number of college entrance examination. In the
areas that key universities are populated, key university should allocate its annual enrollment quota
according to proportion of students from all over the country; in the areas that key universities are
rare, the other key institutions should increase local enrollment quota supplement so that the local
candidates will be able to accept the opportunity equity of “high quality” and “characteristic
quality” higher education. |
| Keywords: high quality higher education; higher educational equity; ideal; state; policy |
| 投稿时间：2016-07-16 |
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